Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2869-2887

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-11

Metabolomics Approach using LC-Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics for Authentication of Beef Meats from Different Origins in Indonesia

(Pendekatan Metabolomik menggunakan Spektrometri Jisim Resolusi Tinggi LC-Orbitrap dan Kemometrik untuk Pengesahan Daging Lembu daripada Asalan Berbeza di Indonesia)

ANJAR WINDARSIH^1,2, ABDUL ROHMAN^3,4,*, NOR KARTINI ABU BAKAR¹ & YUNY ERWANTO^4,5

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia

³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

⁴Halal Centre, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

⁵Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Received: 4 January 2023/Accepted: 19 September 2023

Abstract

Beef is one of the favourite meats consumed by people worldwide due to its high nutrition value needed by human development. It is highly susceptible for the adulteration practice by substituting beef with lower price meats by unethical meat traders due to the economic reasons. Therefore, the authenticity of beef meat (BM) is important because it is also related to halal status of meat which is required for certain religions. This research aimed to differentiate metabolites of BM from different origins using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) combined with chemometrics for the authentication purposes.  Various metabolites mostly amino acids and lipids could be detected using methanol extraction. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and sparse PLS-DA were successfully used to discriminate BMs from different origins.  Fifty potential metabolite markers which are important for discrimination have been identified using variable importance projection (VIP) value extracted from PLS-DA analysis.  Metabolites of (4S)-4-{[(9Z)-3-Hydroxy-9-hexadecenoyl]oxy}-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate, N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), D-sphingosine, (2E,4Z)-N-Isobutyl-2,4-octadecadienamide, 1-(14-methylhexadecanoyl)pyrrolidine, linoleic acid, 12-HAS, dodecylamine1, myristamide, and tributyl phosphate had high  responsibility in discriminating BMs from different origins (VIP value > 2.0). It can be concluded that LC-HRMS based untargeted metabolomics combined with chemometrics could be used for authentication of BMs from different regions.

Keywords: Beef meat; halal authentication; LC- HRMS; PLS-DA; untargeted metabolomics

Abstrak

Daging lembu ialah salah satu daging kegemaran yang dimakan di seluruh dunia kerana nilai pemakanannya yang tinggi yang diperlukan oleh tumbesaran manusia. Ia sangat terdedah kepada amalan pemalsuan dengan menggantikan daging lembu dengan harga daging yang lebih rendah oleh peniaga daging yang tidak beretika atas sebab ekonomi. Oleh itu, keaslian daging lembu (BM) adalah penting kerana ia juga berkaitan dengan status halal daging yang dituntut bagi agama tertentu. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk membezakan metabolit BM daripada punca yang berbeza menggunakan spektrometri jisim resolusi tinggi kromatografi cecair (LC-HRMS) digabungkan dengan kemometrik untuk tujuan pengesahan. Pelbagai metabolit kebanyakannya asid amino dan lipid boleh dikesan menggunakan pengekstrakan metanol. Analisis komponen utama (PCA), analisis diskriminasi kuasa dua terkecil separa (PLS-DA) dan jarang PLS-DA berjaya digunakan untuk mendiskriminasi BM daripada punca yang berbeza. Lima puluh penanda metabolit berpotensi yang penting untuk diskriminasi telah dikenal pasti menggunakan nilai unjuran kepentingan berubah (VIP) yang diekstrak daripada analisis PLS-DA. Metabolit (4S)-4-{[(9Z)-3-Hidroksi-9-heksadesenoil]oksi}-4-(trimetilammonio)butanoate, N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), D-sphingosine, (2E,4Z) -N-Isobutyl-2,4-octadecadienamide, 1-(14-metilheksadesenoil)pyrrolidine, asid linoleik, 12-HAS, dodecylamine1, myristamide dan tributil fosfat mempunyai tanggungjawab yang tinggi dalam mendiskriminasi BM daripada punca yang berbeza (nilai VIP > 2.0). Dapat disimpulkan bahawa metabolomik tidak disasarkan berasaskan LC-HRMS digabungkan dengan kemometrik boleh digunakan untuk pengesahan BM dari kawasan yang berbeza.

Kata kunci: Daging lembu; pengesahan halal; LC- HRMS; PLS-DA; metabolomik tidak disasarkan

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*Corresponding author; email: abdul_kimfar@ugm.ac.id